Tarihi
Zaki Nikolayvich Tolstoy, marubucin Falsafa, yana ƙarfafa gavayewar mugunta da tashin hankali. Labarin "Haji Murat", wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga mafi yawan mutum data kasance, haske mai haske yana haskaka wannan ƙa'idar.Tarihin halitta Halittar
Saurayi ashirin da daya mai shekaru zaki Lion Tolstoy ya shiga Caucasus kuma ya halarci tashin hankali. A cikin diasesta, abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da aka danganta suna ambaton Haji Murat suna ambata akai-akai. Shawarar wannan mutumin ya yi farin ciki, don haka marubucin aikin ya zaɓi Hadji-Murat Highdlander tare da jigon gwarzo na aikin. Tunanin labarin ya samo asali ne a cikin 1896. Marubucin ya zama mai ɗorewa don yin karatun tarihin jarumi da kuma matakan tashin da suka faru a cikin Caucasus. Ta 1897, zane na farko na labarin ya bayyana.
A cikin 1898, karin daftarin rubutu biyu ya bayyana. Shekaru uku ne suka bi wannan da aikin da suka buƙaci shigar da shigar ciki zuwa asalin tambayoyi da kuma nazarin hujjoji. By 1902, aikin ya kasance a mataki na ƙarshe na aikin. Amma Tolstoy ya yanke shawarar gabatar da tarin ruwayoyin Nicholas I, kuma marubucin ya yi nazarin ƙarin kayan. An yi gyaran karshe a 1904.
Haji Murat ya kasance mai tsoron Jarumi ne. Hikimar kwamandan kwamandan da suka yi mamakin wakilan kowace al'umma. Hare-hare na mai tsaron majalisa aka san shi da zalunci da karfin gwiwa, da koma baya - rashin sani. Tolstoy yana sha'awar cewa Haji Muratu ya yi kama da kafa a kan yatsan kwamandan kwamandan. Yarima Vorontov da Yarima ArgutSky
Ma'anar sunan musulinci an bayyana shi ne kawai. Fassara daga Murat na nufin "niyya", da aikin hajji - "aikin haji". Hajiusa an haifeshi a Hoach. Ra'ayin siyasa ya canza dangane da abubuwan da aka zaba.
Ya kasance mai ba da shawara kuma mataimaki ne na Russia, sannan ya yi aiki da shekaru 15 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaron lafiyar Imam Shamil, wanda ya yi shugaban Hadili Murat da wakilinsa. A cikin fifikon gwarzo ne ka'idodi na mutum da bukatunsu. A 22, shugaban mazaunan Hongzakh ya yi nasarar kamawa da mulki kuma ya sa shi shekaru 9, kasancewa a gefe na duniya da Shamil.
Ya tallafa wa sojojin Rashawa kuma ya kasance a farfajiyar bayan bugun Hongzak. Don haka wani mutum ya zama kwamandan sojojin da karar Khan Sultan-Ahmelta. Ba da daɗewa ba saboda hatsarinsa da Khaji-Murac ne ake zargi da cin mutuncin kuma an bar haɗin kai, inda suka bar haɗin kai a karkashin kulawar kulawar.
Jarumi ya tsere zuwa tserewa. Bayan haka, ya zama "hannun dama" maƙiyi kwanan nan - Shamil. Tare, musulmai sun kasance suna da shekaru 10 da tsoratarwar hare-hare, shirya hare-hare da ayyukan da aka tsara. Amma abota da Imam ta kawo ƙarshen saboda kunnawa na kwamandan kwamandan.
A karshe na faɗakarwa, ya juya ya zama mai garkuwa da shi. Warlard mai warwarewa da aka karba a wani yaƙin zubar da jini, wanda ya fuskance sojoji da yawa. Ko da rauni, ya ci gaba da doke harin. Haji muurt ya kashe ta hanyar tsage kan kai.
Tata "Haji Murat"
Abubuwan da labarin ya ba da labarin Avarza na Herbubom, sun yi ta adawa da sojojin Rasha a cikin Caucasus. Bayan sun bar Imam, ya ɓarke a cikin chechen Aul, sannan ya gudu. Jami'in ya yanke shawarar zuwa ma'amala tare da abokan adawar kuma ya fara taimaka wa Russia. Ya tattara wani nasara nasara a kan Imam da kuma 'yancin dangin Shamil.
Kasancewa a cikin matsayin fursuna, Haji Murat ya yi maraba da dumin abokai. Matsakaicin Yarima Voronsova yana yin tarihin tarihin Anvar, kuma mai karatu ya zama shaida ga mahimman abubuwan gwarzo. Saboda shugabancin ministan soja Chernyshev, yarjejeniyar da Haji Murat ta karya ƙasa, sai ya gudu. A sakamakon Chase, jarumi jaruma ya zama dole a kashe shi. An kashe shi, kuma sun kawo shugaban ga yarima.
Jaroran Hadji-Murat ya ci nasara a kan duwatsun da kansu. Kullum ya yi adawa da mafi kyawun jami'an sojojin Rashanci, yayin da aka zabe-da-girbi da kuma kwastomomi. Lokacin ƙirƙirar aiki, Tolstoy an yi wahayi zuwa ga rashin tsoro da kuma tabbatar da gwarzonsa. Mutumin da yake ƙauna da ƙarfin zuciya ya yi yaƙi da rayuwarsa.
Saboda dangi, ya tafi zuwa ga abin da bai ji daɗi ba, ya zama fursuna. Babban ƙasa mai ƙarfi, wanda ya bi burinsa, bai so ya yi birgima a cikin Russia ba, wanda ya san cewa bai sami mafita ga matsalar su ba.
Garkuwa
Lion Tolstoy ba shine kawai ɗan zane ba, wanda mabiyan haji Murat ya burge shi. Directors na USSR, Turkiyya da Italiya sun kirkiro tashoshin fim dangane da littafin marubucin. Fim na farko shine "farin iblis" - ya fito a cikin 1930 a cikin USSR. Darakta Alexander Volkov An gayyaci Volkov ya gayyaci babban matsayi a cikin fim din dan wasan Ivrozuhin.
A shekara ta 1959, Italiyanci freda cire fim din Khagi Murat - White Iblis tare da halartar Steve Rivza. A cikin 1968, an kirkireshi na abubuwan da aka kirkira a Turkiyya. Babban rawar cikin fim din an yi shi ta hanyar günit Arkin. Kuma a shekarar 1966, Georgy Deliciy ya zama abubuwan tarihi da suka shafi Hadji Murat. Rasul Garzatov ya rubuta rubutun don hoton, amma ba a ba da fim din ya harba peviet din Soviet ba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Yin aiki akan kirkirar labari, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy nazarin babban adadin kayan. Ya so ya isar da halayyar da bayyanar gwarzo na mai nema, da kuma bayyana ainihin ainihin asalin tarihi. Don rubuta zane na farko, marubucin ya yi nazarin sama da shafuka 5,000 na bayanan da kayan. Labarin yana nuna bayanan da ya koya daga zane-zane da takardun hukuma.
- Verarci da haikalin haji Muratus ya ci farin ciki mai kauri, kuma har ma ya je hulda da dangi na babban highlander. Ofan Gullah a cikin wasika ya yi tarayya da marubucin da cikakken bayani game da rayuwar Uba.
- Tolstoy bai yi ƙoƙari don fitowar Hadji Murat kuma bai bar labarin lokacinsa ba. Wannan shine yanke shawara game da marubucin. Bayan mutuwarsa, wani littafi da ake kira "Artthuroous Artworks l.n. Tolstoy, "Wanne labarin da aka shigar. An buga ta a Moscow a 1912, bayan da ta sanya magunguna bisa ga ka'idodin Cetoship. A Berlin, a cikin wannan shekarar, littafin da aka yi ba tare da gyara ba. Masu karatun Rasha sun sami damar karanta labarin a cikin 1917.