Biography
Count Alexey Araksheev is a commander and a military leader, a member of the unlawful committee, the owner of China General of Artillery. He served as a military minister under Alexander I, and was also the chief head of the Imperial Office. The activity of the officer was remembered by the introduction of reforms, as well as the appearance of the concept of Arakcheev.Childhood and youth
Alexey Araksheev was born on September 23 (October 4) of 1769. According to one assumptions, the leaving from the nobleman appeared in the Novgorod province, in others - in the village of Kurgan near Tver. Biographers of the commander believed that the Pdomelsky district or the village of Garusovo could become the place of birth in the Vyshnevolotsk district. Confirmed data appeared in 2017. In the found metric record, Garusovo was indicated.
Primary education Alexey received thanks to the local deacon. Arakcheev liked mathematics - he demonstrated a tendency to the exact sciences from the young age. Father planned to arrange a son in the Artillery Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg. With Andrei Arakcheev, a contribution of 200 rubles was required, but he did not possess such means. The help provided General Peter Ivanovich Melissino.
The arakcheev, the younger turned out to be a capable student, so by 1787 received the rank of officer. Alexey was engaged in tutoring with children Nikolai Saltykov. The place helped him to find all the same Melissino. For some time, Arakcheev taught the cadets geometry, but for cruel appeal was translated into the army, where he served in the headquarters of his patron.
The turning point in the biography of young Arakcheev was the request of the Grand Duke Paul. The heir to the throne asked to choose a broken officer to fulfill the instructions. Alexey fully justified this recommendation about him. He conducted the teachings of the troops and conquered Paul with his devotion and skills. Soon the young man received Gatchina's rank.
Personal life
According to the descriptions of contemporaries, Arakcheev was a harsh and unavailable man. Alexey did not know how to compensate for this charm and was not interested in courtships for the great ladies. The officer redeemed attractive fortress girls and was content with them. If one bored, he gave her married with dowry and found another.The debt system collapsed when Araksheev fell in love with Nastasya Minkin. At the time of dating the girl was 19 years old. She achieved such a location that he led a household and managed yard. Nastasya was distinguished by a steep moral and smelting. I failed to give birth to Arakchev's child, she portrayed pregnancy and bought a baby from the peasant. The occasion was happy at home, the count was happy and did not know about deception. Son called Mikhail. For him acquired noble documents on the name Noisky.
Despite the presence of a sweetheart, for which a separate outline was rebuilt and a monument was established in the estate, Arakcheev was combined with a marriage on the other. Natalia Homutova became the legitimate wife of the commander. The newly-made countete was 18 years old.
The spouse turned out to be rude and jealous, did not release Natalia from the house, and one day she left him. Long exhortation forced her to return to her husband, but soon the girl went to the mother forever. Since then, Arakcheev biased to the Institute of Marriage. The officer started his mistresses among the wives of the ranks of the ranks and awards.
Over time, the deception of the son revealed, but Arakcheev forgave his mistress. Misiroval, Mikhail found out that his father and mother were not relatives. This was the cause of constant drunkenness. An indulgent Alexander I gave him the opportunity to serve the Father in the rank of Lieutenant.
Nastasya Minkin stabbed the peasant, whose sister she was in publicly tied by rods. Without withstanding cruelty, the man sneaked into the chambers and cut the woman's throat. Having learned about this, Arakcheev conducted an execution for serfs, and some sent a link. Despite the fact that many treasures of the Ministry of Bowl later revealed, the replacement of Arakcheev did not find it.
Military Career and Reforms
After the climb of Paul I on the throne of career Alexei Arakcheev went uphill. Major General received the title of Baron, and soon became a graph. The sharp character of Arakcheev revenge on his goats. He was severe with subordinates and once even brought to the suicide of the major. For that, he was sent to resign. But Paul cleared and returned the approximate, making it a commander of the artillery battalion.
Subsequently, Alexey Andreevich took the position of inspector artillery of the Russian army. The reassembly in the career occurred when, burning out a loved one, Araksheev slandered innocent. Deception revealed. The officer was removed, and he lived in the manor Georgian before coming to power Alexander I.
In 1803, the serviceman was restored in authority. After 2 years, he participated in the battle of Austerlice. At the same time, with his assistance, the military commission created a new system of guns.
In 1807, Arakcheev became a general from artillery, and then a general inspector and military minister. He made innovations that touched the simplification of correspondence, recruitment depot, training battalions and artillery reorganization. Thanks to his officers, the officers had the opportunity to raise the level of professional formation. There have been changes and financial management. The beneficial effect of Arakcheev's decisions has become apparent from 1812 to 1814.
C1808 to 1809 Arakcheev led the troops opposing the Swedes. In the 1812, he participated in the battles against Napoleon Bonaparte, driving army reserves and military support. After the war, he became the head of the Military Department of the State Council. Alexey Araksheev was the only one who reported a sovereign about the activities of the Committee of Ministers. The man was afraid and bowed before his figure.
By the time he became the head of military settlements, which had about 375 thousand souls. Their idea concluded in the coercion of the peasants to the combination of military service with work on Earth. It was assumed that this would help reduce the cost of the maintenance of the army, and the peasants could avoid recruitment. By settlements allocated land in several areas. From there, landlord estates were removed. Houses that remained here were bought by the state.
Life in settlements was on the clear regulations, and the irregularity attracted corporal punishment. Agricultural works began at the team of officers, which led to the fall of the crop volumes. Over time, such a way began provoking rebounds. In 1821, Arakcheev became a member of the Siberian Committee.
In 1823-1824, Alexey Andreevich was dominated in the conservative Russian party. He contributed to the resignation of the Minister of Spiritual Affairs Alexander Golitsyn.
Death
Leading in 1825, the graph began to travel. In the 1833th politician and the warlord, which was famous for stern, donated 50 thousand rubles to the state borrowed bank. at percent. In 1925, the entire amount was to go to the one who created the best description of the reign of Alexander I, published it and ensured the translation. Arakcheev also put the capital to raise the poor nobles in the Novgorod Cadet Corps.
In old age, a person who was one of the most controversial figures in history, repeated in severeness. He often sick and died on April 21 (May 3) of 1834. The cause of death was weak health. Now his portraits are published in history textbooks.