Biography
People's Artist of the Russian Federation, Director-multiplier Leonid Schwartzman in 2020 celebrated the 100th anniversary. It was he who invented how Cheburashka and other characters would look like. The same person embodied the story about the chatlet hidden in the most reliable place, "Kitten named Gav" and invented, than measuring the boa - "38 parrots". In other words, Leonid Aronovich is one of the legendary Soyuzmultfilm employees and the idols of thousands of children of the USSR and Russia.Childhood and youth
The multiplier was born on August 30, 1920 in Minsk, the heart of the Belarusian SSR, in the family of Arona Nakhmanovich and Rachel Solomonna. Lithuanian and Minskanka, Jews by nationality, spoke Yiddish. The same trained their children - Leonid and his brother and his sister, Nauma and Herrietta (or just Etta), which were much older. In an interview, the Creator of Cheburashka recalled:
"My parents and brother and sister are from the XIX century."When Leonid studied in the 2nd grade, he began to go to him (teacher in Judaism) and teach Hebrew. The boy opposed in every way. In principle, he did not understand religion and did not like the synagogue, like all the USSR children, planned to join the pioneers. Classes ended after 2 years, the fact that the child hit the child with a prayer in his head and, slamming the door, left.
The head of the family Arone Schwartzman died when Leonid was 13 years old: a man knocked a car. It was 1934, Adolf Hitler had already taken a place at the steering wheel of Germany, and the situation became unstable. Therefore, the Creator of Cheburashka moved to Leningrad to the sister, who replaced his mother. A little later moved to them and Rachel Solomonovna.
"In Minsk, she [Mom] would have died in the first days. Many of those who managed to leave or leave the city, survived, the remaining killed in the ghetto, "recalls Leonid Schwarzman.Women did not become in 1942, she was no longer able to put up with the terms of the blockade Leningrad.
Leonid Aronovich tested for creativity Leonid Aronovich since childhood. He painted everything that saw her own yard and a wasteland, where she skated with friends. In 1941, the multiplier graduated from school at the Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in Leningrad.
In May 1941, Leonid called on the army, and soon the Great Patriotic War was killed. Hoping in the military registration and enlistment office his personal business was lost, and it was not necessary to go to the front. As a result, during the war, Schwartzman worked at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, where they were evacuated among many.
In 1945, life in the USSR again became peaceful. Then Leonid moved to Moscow and entered the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK). Before him was a choice - to be an artist either at home or animated cinema.
"In matturbic cinema, also make interesting sketches, but the construction of scenery closer to the work of the Proba. Well, I went to cartoon. In it, everything is based on a schedule close to the book, and I liked it, like an illustration, "recalled the Creator of Cheburashka in an interview.In 1948, a gifted multiplier was taken to the "Soyuzmultfilm": the company's management was very liked by his graduation work on "Buratino". From this and began a long, filled with ideas and bright characters by Career Leonid Schwarzman.
Personal life
On Soyuzmultfilm, Leonid Aronovich found not only the vocation and faithful friends, but also his only woman. Tatyana Dombrovskaya also worked with a multiplier and director assistant. Her father is Vladimir Romanov - Russian, and the mother of Yanina Franventova Dombrovskaya from Poland.By the way, it is from the mother-in-law of the cartoon cartoons about the crocodile "borrowed" a bunch of gray hair for the old woman of the shapoklyak. But the character was not exactly sketched with her.
"The old woman Shapoklyak is a complete antipode of my mother-in-law," Leonid Aronovich emphasized.Wedding Schwartzman and Dombrovskaya played in 1951, being familiar half a year.
"And what to pull, since I realized that I found my person?" - Multiplier is sincerely surprised.With the relationship, their souls will not argue: in 2021, multiplers will celebrate the 70-year anniversary.
Leonid Schwarzman is a calm character, and be otherwise, his personal life would not limit himself quickly and confident marriage. Indeed, in his youth, beautiful beauties were hung. Fortunately, the artist quickly understood: it is better to live in harmony with one person than splitting his soul on multiple mistresses.
Children Leonid Aronovich and Tatiana Vladimirovna, alas, did not acquire. But in an interview, the multiplier said that his audience perceived as daughters and sons, and later - like grandchildren. Communication with a young generation, in general, grabbed.
Cartoons
From under the feather Leonid Schwartzmanna (then, of course, they did not think about computer graphics and created cartoons from girlfriend: plasticine, plastic, cardboard) were visible ingenious, known for this day. His debut hit - "Scarlet Flower" (1952) in the Tale of the same name Sergey Aksakov. Then there were "Golden Antilopa" (1954), "Snow Queen" (1957), "Uncle Stepa - Militizer" (1964) and, of course, the history of the crocodile Geno and his friends.
The image of the incomprehensible animal of Cheburashka, who loves oranges, descriptively created Edward Uspensky, but it was Leonid Schwartzman that embodied him. Because of this, the writer was terribly jealous: until the last days of life, he fought for the rights to Cheburashka. Although thanks to the 2006 Olympics, the whole world knows the image created directly by the multiplier.
"I knew that the smuggling, unkind and envious Uspensky was suused with many. I could not prove the authorship of Cheburashka. But I did not need it at all. Funny and ridiculous that Cheburashka himself appeared. From nowhere! What now to say something ... Do we need Assumption money on that light? But the memory that will remain after us is important, "once the philosophically noted Leonid Aronovich in an interview.After the "Crocodile of Gene" (1969), "Cheburashka" (1971) and "Shapoklyak" (1974) The artist created dozens of stories about the kitten named Gav and his friend - a puppy of the ball, about Marty, Elephant, Parrot and Break from "38 Parrots ", About restless monkeys and their mom. As a result, for half a century, about 60 cartoons, short and full-length cartoons, in the filmography of Schwartzman. Each of them is a real work of art, invariably causing nostalgia.
Leonid Schwartzman now
In August 2020, the multiplier was 100 years old. With a century anniversary, President Vladimir Putin congratulated him. He doused Leonid Schwartzmanna "Patriarch of the Russian Animation School", on whose work is not one generation, and wished good health. But without wishes, the artist feels young."I am still awake, I remember everything, I go," Leonid Schwarzman boasted in an express newspaper interview.Save the presence of the Spirit helps an active lifestyle, at least charge in the morning. And a few years ago, Leonid Aronovich could and the coward run a few kilometers and go to the pool, and at a nearby park on a bicycle ride. He also eats a lot of raw vegetables, is not fond of sweet. And, of course, does not drink. Although with another harmful habit, smoking, "tied" relatively recently - at 75 years.
Together with his wife Leonid Schwarzman now lives in a 2-bedroom apartment in Izmailovo in the east of Moscow. Wire employees help them. "At our age, daily support is needed," the multiplier notes. After all, Tatyana Dombrovskaya is also a long-liver: in September 2020 it turns 95 years old. And with photos of Schwartzman's spouse, they are still looking childish with naive eyes.
Filmography
- 1952 - "Scarlet Flower"
- 1954 - "Golden Antelope"
- 1957 - "Snow Queen"
- 1959 - "Kidnappers of paints"
- 1964 - "Uncle Step - Militizer"
- 1969 - "Crocodile Gena"
- 1971 - "Cheburashka"
- 1976 - "38 Parrots"
- 1976-1982 - "Kitten named Gav"
- 1977-1991 - "38 Parrots"
- 1981 - "Hedgehog Plus Turtle"
- 1983-1997 - "Monkeys"
- 1988 - "Gulling Dragon"
- 1993 - "Rustic Waterville"
- 2001 - "Dora-Dora Tomato"